mt1  (Alomone Labs)

Journal: The Journal of Headache and Pain

Article Title: Expression of melatonin receptors in trigeminal and sphenopalatine ganglia: potential targets for primary headache disorders

doi: 10.1186/s10194-025-02215-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression of MT1 and MT2 genes in rat TG, SPG and hypothalamus. ( A ) Comparison of MT1 and MT2 mRNA levels in the TG of male and female rats shows that MT1 expression is significantly higher than MT2. ( B ) In both the hypothalamus (HT) and SPG of male rats, MT1 mRNA levels are also significantly higher than MT2. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, statistical significance indicate as *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05, and n = 6

Article Snippet: MT1 (bs-0027 R) , 1:200 , Rabbit , Bioss Inc, Woburn, USA , AB_10856893.

Techniques: Expressing, Comparison

Journal: The Journal of Headache and Pain

Article Title: Expression of melatonin receptors in trigeminal and sphenopalatine ganglia: potential targets for primary headache disorders

doi: 10.1186/s10194-025-02215-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: MT1 and MT2 immunoreactivity in TG. ( A ) positive MT1 immunoreactivity was observed in the cytoplasm and nuclei of TG neurons (thick arrows) and in SGCs (arrowheads). ( B ) MT2 immunoreactivity was observed predominantly in the cytoplasm of neurons (thick arrows), in some cases in their nuclei (thick arrows), and in Aδ-fibers (thin arrows). Negative cells are indicated by asterisks in both ( A ) and ( B ). Blue color represents nuclei staining with DAPI. ( C ) Bar graphs show the number of MT1 and MT2 immunoreactive TG neurons in male and female rats. There was no significant difference in MT1 or MT2 protein expression between sexes. However, the number of MT1-immunoreactive cells was approximately twofold higher than that of MT2 in both males and females. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM, n = 6 and * p < 0.05

Article Snippet: MT1 (bs-0027 R) , 1:200 , Rabbit , Bioss Inc, Woburn, USA , AB_10856893.

Techniques: Staining, Expressing

Journal: The Journal of Headache and Pain

Article Title: Expression of melatonin receptors in trigeminal and sphenopalatine ganglia: potential targets for primary headache disorders

doi: 10.1186/s10194-025-02215-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Double immunohistochemistry of MT1 with CGRP or RAMP1 in TG. ( A ) CGRP (red fluorescence) was expressed in the cytoplasm of TG neurons (thick arrow) and in C- fibers (arrowhead). ( B ) MT1 (green fluorescence) was expressed in both cytoplasm and nuclei of TG neurons (thick arrow). ( C ) The merged image shows that MT1 was co-localized with CGRP in the cytoplasm of small to medium-sized neurons (yellow, thick arrow). ( D ) RAMP1 (red fluorescence) was expressed in the cytoplasm of medium to large- sized TG neurons (thick arrow) and in Aδ-fibers (arrowhead). ( E ) MT1 (green fluorescence) was expressed in both cytoplasm and nuclei of TG neurons (thick arrow). ( F ) Their co-localization (yellow) is seen in the merged image. MT1 was co-localized with RAMP1 in the cytoplasm of medium to large -sized neurons (thick arrow). Blue represents nuclei staining with DAPI

Article Snippet: MT1 (bs-0027 R) , 1:200 , Rabbit , Bioss Inc, Woburn, USA , AB_10856893.

Techniques: Immunohistochemistry, Fluorescence, Staining

Journal: The Journal of Headache and Pain

Article Title: Expression of melatonin receptors in trigeminal and sphenopalatine ganglia: potential targets for primary headache disorders

doi: 10.1186/s10194-025-02215-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Localization of MT1 immunoreactivity in the SPG and its co-localization with VIP and PACAP. ( A , D and G ) MT1 immunoreactivity (green) was observed in both the cytoplasm and nuclei of SPG neurons (thick arrows), as well as in SGCs (arrowheads). ( B and E ) VIP immunoreactivity (red) was detected in the cytoplasm of SPG neurons (thick arrows) and in a few C-fibers (arrowhead). ( C and F ) MT1 was co-localized with VIP in the cytoplasm of some SPG neurons (yellow-orange, thick arrows). D , E and F are higher-magnification views of images A , B and C , respectively. ( H ) PACAP immunoreactivity (red) was found in both the cytoplasm and nuclei of some SPG neurons (thick arrow). ( I ) MT1 was co-localized with PACAP in SPG neurons as shown in merged images (yellow/orange, thick arrow)

Article Snippet: MT1 (bs-0027 R) , 1:200 , Rabbit , Bioss Inc, Woburn, USA , AB_10856893.

Techniques:

Journal: The Journal of Headache and Pain

Article Title: Expression of melatonin receptors in trigeminal and sphenopalatine ganglia: potential targets for primary headache disorders

doi: 10.1186/s10194-025-02215-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: MT1 and MT2 immunoreactivity in the DRG. ( A ) MT1 expression in DRG was observed in both the cytoplasm and nuclei of neurons (thick arrow) and in SGCs (arrowheads). ( B ) MT2 immunoreactivity was localized in the cytoplasm of neurons and in some cases in their nuclei (thick arrow), and in the Aδ-fibers (thin arrows). The blue color represents nuclei staining with DAPI

Article Snippet: MT1 (bs-0027 R) , 1:200 , Rabbit , Bioss Inc, Woburn, USA , AB_10856893.

Techniques: Expressing, Staining

Journal: The Journal of Headache and Pain

Article Title: Expression of melatonin receptors in trigeminal and sphenopalatine ganglia: potential targets for primary headache disorders

doi: 10.1186/s10194-025-02215-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunohistochemistry of MT1 expression in the wall of cerebral arteries. ( A and B ) MT1 immunoreactivity (red) was observed in all layers of the basilar artery (thick arrows), i.e., in the adventitia layer and the endothelium as well as in the smooth muscle cells. Green represents the internal elastic lamina, autofluorescence (arrowhead in B ) and blue represents nuclei staining with DAPI

Article Snippet: MT1 (bs-0027 R) , 1:200 , Rabbit , Bioss Inc, Woburn, USA , AB_10856893.

Techniques: Immunohistochemistry, Expressing, Staining

Journal: The Journal of Headache and Pain

Article Title: Expression of melatonin receptors in trigeminal and sphenopalatine ganglia: potential targets for primary headache disorders

doi: 10.1186/s10194-025-02215-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression of MT1 and MT2 genes in rat TG, SPG and hypothalamus. ( A ) Comparison of MT1 and MT2 mRNA levels in the TG of male and female rats shows that MT1 expression is significantly higher than MT2. ( B ) In both the hypothalamus (HT) and SPG of male rats, MT1 mRNA levels are also significantly higher than MT2. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, statistical significance indicate as *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05, and n = 6

Article Snippet: MT1 (AMR-031) , 1:200 , Rabbit , Alomone Labs, Jerusalem, Israel , AB_11218959.

Techniques: Expressing, Comparison

Journal: The Journal of Headache and Pain

Article Title: Expression of melatonin receptors in trigeminal and sphenopalatine ganglia: potential targets for primary headache disorders

doi: 10.1186/s10194-025-02215-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: MT1 and MT2 immunoreactivity in TG. ( A ) positive MT1 immunoreactivity was observed in the cytoplasm and nuclei of TG neurons (thick arrows) and in SGCs (arrowheads). ( B ) MT2 immunoreactivity was observed predominantly in the cytoplasm of neurons (thick arrows), in some cases in their nuclei (thick arrows), and in Aδ-fibers (thin arrows). Negative cells are indicated by asterisks in both ( A ) and ( B ). Blue color represents nuclei staining with DAPI. ( C ) Bar graphs show the number of MT1 and MT2 immunoreactive TG neurons in male and female rats. There was no significant difference in MT1 or MT2 protein expression between sexes. However, the number of MT1-immunoreactive cells was approximately twofold higher than that of MT2 in both males and females. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM, n = 6 and * p < 0.05

Article Snippet: MT1 (AMR-031) , 1:200 , Rabbit , Alomone Labs, Jerusalem, Israel , AB_11218959.

Techniques: Staining, Expressing

Journal: The Journal of Headache and Pain

Article Title: Expression of melatonin receptors in trigeminal and sphenopalatine ganglia: potential targets for primary headache disorders

doi: 10.1186/s10194-025-02215-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Double immunohistochemistry of MT1 with CGRP or RAMP1 in TG. ( A ) CGRP (red fluorescence) was expressed in the cytoplasm of TG neurons (thick arrow) and in C- fibers (arrowhead). ( B ) MT1 (green fluorescence) was expressed in both cytoplasm and nuclei of TG neurons (thick arrow). ( C ) The merged image shows that MT1 was co-localized with CGRP in the cytoplasm of small to medium-sized neurons (yellow, thick arrow). ( D ) RAMP1 (red fluorescence) was expressed in the cytoplasm of medium to large- sized TG neurons (thick arrow) and in Aδ-fibers (arrowhead). ( E ) MT1 (green fluorescence) was expressed in both cytoplasm and nuclei of TG neurons (thick arrow). ( F ) Their co-localization (yellow) is seen in the merged image. MT1 was co-localized with RAMP1 in the cytoplasm of medium to large -sized neurons (thick arrow). Blue represents nuclei staining with DAPI

Article Snippet: MT1 (AMR-031) , 1:200 , Rabbit , Alomone Labs, Jerusalem, Israel , AB_11218959.

Techniques: Immunohistochemistry, Fluorescence, Staining

Journal: The Journal of Headache and Pain

Article Title: Expression of melatonin receptors in trigeminal and sphenopalatine ganglia: potential targets for primary headache disorders

doi: 10.1186/s10194-025-02215-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Localization of MT1 immunoreactivity in the SPG and its co-localization with VIP and PACAP. ( A , D and G ) MT1 immunoreactivity (green) was observed in both the cytoplasm and nuclei of SPG neurons (thick arrows), as well as in SGCs (arrowheads). ( B and E ) VIP immunoreactivity (red) was detected in the cytoplasm of SPG neurons (thick arrows) and in a few C-fibers (arrowhead). ( C and F ) MT1 was co-localized with VIP in the cytoplasm of some SPG neurons (yellow-orange, thick arrows). D , E and F are higher-magnification views of images A , B and C , respectively. ( H ) PACAP immunoreactivity (red) was found in both the cytoplasm and nuclei of some SPG neurons (thick arrow). ( I ) MT1 was co-localized with PACAP in SPG neurons as shown in merged images (yellow/orange, thick arrow)

Article Snippet: MT1 (AMR-031) , 1:200 , Rabbit , Alomone Labs, Jerusalem, Israel , AB_11218959.

Techniques:

Journal: The Journal of Headache and Pain

Article Title: Expression of melatonin receptors in trigeminal and sphenopalatine ganglia: potential targets for primary headache disorders

doi: 10.1186/s10194-025-02215-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: MT1 and MT2 immunoreactivity in the DRG. ( A ) MT1 expression in DRG was observed in both the cytoplasm and nuclei of neurons (thick arrow) and in SGCs (arrowheads). ( B ) MT2 immunoreactivity was localized in the cytoplasm of neurons and in some cases in their nuclei (thick arrow), and in the Aδ-fibers (thin arrows). The blue color represents nuclei staining with DAPI

Article Snippet: MT1 (AMR-031) , 1:200 , Rabbit , Alomone Labs, Jerusalem, Israel , AB_11218959.

Techniques: Expressing, Staining

Journal: The Journal of Headache and Pain

Article Title: Expression of melatonin receptors in trigeminal and sphenopalatine ganglia: potential targets for primary headache disorders

doi: 10.1186/s10194-025-02215-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunohistochemistry of MT1 expression in the wall of cerebral arteries. ( A and B ) MT1 immunoreactivity (red) was observed in all layers of the basilar artery (thick arrows), i.e., in the adventitia layer and the endothelium as well as in the smooth muscle cells. Green represents the internal elastic lamina, autofluorescence (arrowhead in B ) and blue represents nuclei staining with DAPI

Article Snippet: MT1 (AMR-031) , 1:200 , Rabbit , Alomone Labs, Jerusalem, Israel , AB_11218959.

Techniques: Immunohistochemistry, Expressing, Staining

Journal: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences: CMLS

Article Title: Regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and function by melatonin type 1 receptor in parkinson’s disease

doi: 10.1007/s00018-025-05995-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: MT1-KD caused mitochondrial dysfunction in SH-SY5Y cells. ( A ) Representative blots of MT1 from control and MT1-KD SH-SY5Y cells. ( B ) Quantification of MT1 protein levels from western blotting ( n =5). ( C ) Statistical analysis of MT1 mRNA levels from control or MT1-KD SH-SY5Y cells ( n =5). ( D ) Statistical analysis of ATP levels after MT1 knockdown ( n =6). ( E ) Representative inverted microscopy images of living cell TMRE staining after MT1 knockdown (10× magnification) ( n =6). Scale bar, 20 μm. ( F ) Statistical analysis of TMRE fluorescent intensity. ( G ) SH-SY5Y cells were treated with 5 μM MT1 inhibitor S26131 for 24 h and subjected to ROS detection using flow cytometry. Representative flow cytometry of staining cells with or without DCF fluorescence. ( H ) Statistical analysis of ROS levels indicated by DCF fluorescence intensity after S26131 treatment ( n =6). Unpaired t -test analysis, * P <0.05, ** P <0.01,*** P <0.001

Article Snippet: SH-SY5Y cells were treated with 5 μM MT1 antagonist S26131 (MedChemExpress, USA) for 24 h and subjected to ROS evaluation (Beyotime).

Techniques: Control, Western Blot, Knockdown, Inverted Microscopy, Staining, Flow Cytometry, Fluorescence

Journal: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences: CMLS

Article Title: Regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and function by melatonin type 1 receptor in parkinson’s disease

doi: 10.1007/s00018-025-05995-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: MT1-KD impaired mitochondrial morphology in SH-SY5Y cells. ( A ) Representative confocal image of MitoTracker-labeled mitochondria in control and MT1-KD SH-SY5Y living cells by (100× magnification). Scale bar, 10 μm. ( B ) Representative TEM micrographs of mitochondria from control and MT1-KD SH-SY5Y cells. Scale bar, 500 nm. ( C ) Statistical analysis of mitochondrial aspect ratio (n=6). ( D ) Statistical analysis of mitochondrial form factor (n=6).. ( E ) Statistical analysis of mitochondrial length ( n =6). ( F ) Statistical analysis of mitochondria–ER contact sites ( n =6). Four pictures of each independent experiment were analyzed. Unpaired t -test analysis, * P <0.05, ** P <0.01, *** P <0.001

Article Snippet: SH-SY5Y cells were treated with 5 μM MT1 antagonist S26131 (MedChemExpress, USA) for 24 h and subjected to ROS evaluation (Beyotime).

Techniques: Labeling, Control

Journal: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences: CMLS

Article Title: Regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and function by melatonin type 1 receptor in parkinson’s disease

doi: 10.1007/s00018-025-05995-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: MT1-KD increased mitochondrial fission through DRP1 phosphorylation and mitophagy in SH-SY5Y cells. ( A ) Representative blots of OPA1, MFN1, MFN2 and DRP1 protein expression from control or MT1-KD SH-SY5Y cells. ( B – E ) Quantification of OPA1, MFN1, MFN2 and DRP1 protein levels, respectively ( n =5). ( F ) Representative blots of S637-DRP1, pPKA, S616-DRP1, pERK1/2 and ERK1/2 protein expression in control or MT1-KD SH-SY5Y cells. ( G – J ) Quantification of S637-DRP1, pPKA, S616-DRP1, pERK1/2 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, respectively ( n =5). (K) Representative blots of PINK1, Parkin, P62 and LC3 protein expression from control or MT1-KD SH-SY5Y cells. (L–O) Quantification of PINK1, Parkin, P62 and LC3, respectively ( n =5). Two identical lanes from representative blots in each group represented two repeated experiments. Unpaired t -test analysis, * P <0.05,** P <0.01

Article Snippet: SH-SY5Y cells were treated with 5 μM MT1 antagonist S26131 (MedChemExpress, USA) for 24 h and subjected to ROS evaluation (Beyotime).

Techniques: Phospho-proteomics, Expressing, Control

Journal: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences: CMLS

Article Title: Regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and function by melatonin type 1 receptor in parkinson’s disease

doi: 10.1007/s00018-025-05995-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: MT1-KO impaired mitochondrial morphology and aggravated mitochondrial fission in mouse primary neurons treated with MPP+. ( A ) Representative TEM micrograph of mitochondria from substantia nigra in WT or MT1-KO transgenic mice aged 4 or 12 months. Scale bar, 500 nm. ( B ) Statistical analysis of mitochondrial length by TEM. Five pictures of each independent experiment and three mitochondria of each picture were analyzed ( n =5). ( C ) Representative immunostaining images of mitochondria with TOM20 and axons with Tuj1 from WT or MT1-KO primary neurons with or without MPP + . Scale bar, 1 μm. ( D ) Statistical analysis of mitochondrial length by immunostaining ( n =5). Two-way ANOVA analysis, * P <0.05,** P <0.01

Article Snippet: SH-SY5Y cells were treated with 5 μM MT1 antagonist S26131 (MedChemExpress, USA) for 24 h and subjected to ROS evaluation (Beyotime).

Techniques: Transgenic Assay, Immunostaining

Journal: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences: CMLS

Article Title: Regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and function by melatonin type 1 receptor in parkinson’s disease

doi: 10.1007/s00018-025-05995-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: MT1-KO aggravated mitochondrial fission through DRP1 dephosphorylation and mitophagy in MPTP-induced mouse model. ( A ) Histogram showing the results of mouse latency to fall during the rotarod test ( n =6). ( B ) Representative blots of TH protein expression from WT or MT1-KO mice with or without MPTP. ( C ) Quantification of TH ( n =5). ( D ) Representative blots of OPA1, MFN1, MFN2 and DRP1 protein expression from WT or MT1-KO mice with or without MPTP. ( E – H ) Quantification of OPA1, MFN1, MFN2 and DRP1 protein levels ( n =5). ( I ) Representative blots of S637-DRP1, pPKA, S616-DRP1, pERK1/2 and ERK1/2 protein expression from WT or MT1-KO mice with or without MPTP. ( J – M ) Quantification of S637-DRP1, pPKA, S616-DRP1, pERK1/2 and ERK1/2 ( n =5). ( N ) Representative blots of P62 and LC3 protein expression from WT or MT1-KO mice with or without MPTP. ( O , P ) Quantification of P62 and LC3, respectively ( n =5). Two-way ANOVA analysis, * P <0.05, ** P <0.01. ns, not significant

Article Snippet: SH-SY5Y cells were treated with 5 μM MT1 antagonist S26131 (MedChemExpress, USA) for 24 h and subjected to ROS evaluation (Beyotime).

Techniques: De-Phosphorylation Assay, Expressing

Journal: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences: CMLS

Article Title: Regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and function by melatonin type 1 receptor in parkinson’s disease

doi: 10.1007/s00018-025-05995-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: MT1 deficiency enhanced PFF-induced autophagy inhibition and α-syn aggregation. Neonatal mouse primary cortical neurons were treated with PFFs (1 μg/ml) for 10 days and protein was extracted and subjected to western blotting. ( A ) Representative blots of P62 and LC3 from three repeat experiments. ( B ) Representative blots of α-syn in soluble fraction. ( C ) Representative blots of α-syn in pellet fraction. ( D – G ) Quantification of protein levels of P62, LC3, α-syn monomers and high molecular weight (HMW) α-syn ( n =5). Two-way ANOVA analysis, * P <0.05, ** P <0.01, *** P <0.001. ns, not significant

Article Snippet: SH-SY5Y cells were treated with 5 μM MT1 antagonist S26131 (MedChemExpress, USA) for 24 h and subjected to ROS evaluation (Beyotime).

Techniques: Inhibition, Western Blot, High Molecular Weight

Journal: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences: CMLS

Article Title: Regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and function by melatonin type 1 receptor in parkinson’s disease

doi: 10.1007/s00018-025-05995-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: MT1 overexpression increased mitochondrial fusion and facilitated autophagic flux to promote α-syn degradation in HEK293T cells. ( A ) HEK293T cells were transfected with PCDNA3.1 or hMT1-Flag and cell lysate was subjected to western blotting. Representative blots of MFN1, MFN2 and DRP1 from three repeat experiments. ( B – D ) Statistical analysis of MFN1, MFN2 and DRP1 protein levels ( n =6). Unpaired t -test. ( E ) Representative blots of P62 and LC3 from three repeat experiments. ( F , G ) Statistical analysis of P62 and LC3II protein levels ( n =6). One-way ANOVA. ( H ) HEK293T cells were transfected with PCDNA3.1 or hMT1-Flag for 48 h; 200 nm BafA1 was added 16 h before protein detection and cell lysate was subjected to western blotting. Representative blots of LC3 from three repeat experiments. ( I ) Statistical analysis of LC3II protein levels ( n =3). Kruskal–Wallis test. ( J ) HEK293T cells were transfected with or without hMT1-Flag for 48 h and infected with mCherry-LC3-EGFP lentivirus for 36 h; 200 nm BafA1 was added 16 h before confocal analysis. Quantification of autophagosomes ( K ) and autolysosomes ( L ) per cell using Image J ( n =5). Scale bar, 5 μm. Two-way ANOVA. ( M ) α-syn-GFP HEK293T stable cell line was transfected with PCDNA3.1 or hMT1-Flag plasmids. Representative blots of P62, LC3 and α-syn-GFP. ( N – P ) Statistical analysis of P62, LC3II and α-syn-GFP protein levels ( n =5). One-way ANOVA. Three identical lanes from representative blots in each group represented three repeat experiments. * P <0.05, ** P <0.01,*** P <0.001

Article Snippet: SH-SY5Y cells were treated with 5 μM MT1 antagonist S26131 (MedChemExpress, USA) for 24 h and subjected to ROS evaluation (Beyotime).

Techniques: Over Expression, Transfection, Western Blot, Infection, Stable Transfection